{"id":188249,"date":"2026-05-20T14:04:43","date_gmt":"2026-05-20T11:04:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pozirk.online\/en\/longreads\/188249\/"},"modified":"2026-05-20T14:04:46","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T11:04:46","slug":"loyalist-factory-a-generation-with-black-and-white-thinking-being-shaped-in-belarus","status":"publish","type":"longreads","link":"https:\/\/pozirk.online\/en\/longreads\/188249\/","title":{"rendered":"Loyalist factory: a generation with \u201cblack-and-white\u201d thinking being shaped in Belarus"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Militarization, the revision of history and Russification are key trends shaping Belarus\u2019 education system. Some observers say these changes could radically alter mentality, while others argue the trend is reversible.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"block-image block-image-normal\">\n\n    <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"625\" height=\"516\" src=\"https:\/\/pozirk.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/deti-lukashenko-igrushki-POZ.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pozirk.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/deti-lukashenko-igrushki-POZ.jpg 625w, https:\/\/pozirk.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/deti-lukashenko-igrushki-POZ-286x236.jpg 286w, https:\/\/pozirk.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/deti-lukashenko-igrushki-POZ-594x490.jpg 594w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 625px) 100vw, 625px\" \/>\n    <figcaption>\n        \n                    <div class=\"block-image__author\">\n                                <span>(Pozirk)<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Militarization from kindergarten<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In Belarus, military-patriotic education has long ceased to be an occasional initiative. Today, it has become part of the state education system \u2014 from kindergartens to universities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the interior ministry, about 7,000 children are already enrolled in its military-patriotic clubs. These clubs are training \u201ca whole army of children,\u201d Deputy Interior Minister Mika\u0142aj Karpianko\u016d said on March 18. He expects most graduates to join the police and other security agencies in the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Militarization begins at preschool age. In some kindergartens, special \u201cpatriotic groups\u201d are created for five-year-old children: they are given military-style uniforms, participate in drills and are taught about the \u201cduty to defend the Motherland.\u201d At public celebrations, children are dressed in camouflage, given state flags, and required to take part in ideological events in the presence of officials and prosecutors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Military-patriotic clubs are also spreading in schools, along with oath ceremonies, meetings with Russian military personnel and lectures in which religious and state ideology are closely intertwined. Belarusian teenagers are sent to Russia for events involving veterans of the war against Ukraine, and school competitions such as \u201cSharp Shooter\u201d have been integrated into the Russian system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Indoctrination at school<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>After the 2020 protests, pressure on the education system has increased sharply. In September 2022, Alaksandar \u0141uka\u0161enka publicly demanded that education be \u201ccleansed,\u201d and soon almost all private schools and kindergartens were closed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since 2021, Belarusian schools have introduced mandatory positions of military-patriotic education supervisors \u2014 effectively modern military instructors. Today there are about 2,000 such specialists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Their responsibilities include:<br>\u2022 organizing military-sports games<br>\u2022 monitoring flag and anthem rituals<br>\u2022 conducting \u201c[Great Patriotic War] memory lessons\u201d<br>\u2022 preparing children for military service<br>\u2022 ideological work with students<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cKids have been heavily brainwashed,\u201d says Volha, whose two children go to a school in Minsk. \u201cYoung teachers with independent views do not stay in schools for long.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Parents report that several times per term, children are gathered for mandatory assemblies where they must listen to \u201ccorrect\u201d speeches and sing the anthem. Those who refuse are called to the principal\u2019s office.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Volha says, however, that children do not like this treatment and perceive it as pressure and formality:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cEverything is based on fear and intimidation. Children are bored; they don\u2019t understand why it is needed.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the same time, parents note a decline in education quality, as ideological workload gradually displaces academic content.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">War enters the classroom<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>After the start of Russia\u2019s full-scale war against Ukraine, militarization accelerated noticeably. New mandatory topics appeared in schools, such as the \u201cgenocide of the Belarusian people,\u201d the Great Patriotic War, \u201cexternal threats\u201d and the role of security forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some parents admit they began considering emigration precisely because of the school environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Marina, a resident of the Viciebsk region, says her nine-year-old son became interested in a military-patriotic club because of the opportunity to \u201cshoot\u201d a rifle. For a family that does not support the war and has relatives in Ukraine, this was an alarming signal:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe realized that the brainwashing is intensifying and resisting it is becoming more and more difficult.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe children are fed some nonsense detached from reality. We are saving money, and my husband is learning a new profession in order to leave Belarus in two years, when our daughter graduates from school,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In many schools, specialized classes have been introduced to prepare children for service in the interior ministry, customs service and other security agencies. Students wear uniforms, take part in drills and attend special courses in ideology and basic military training.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">New version of history<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Alongside militarization, humanities education is also changing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The subject \u201cHistory of Belarus\u201d has been replaced by a more limited \u201cHistory of Belarus in the Context of World History.\u201d According to analysts from the iSANS initiative, the new textbooks are ideologically loaded with a pro-Russian bias.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In them:<br>\u2022 The short-lived Belarusian People\u2019s Republic of 1918 is barely mentioned.<br>\u2022 Belarus\u2019 national white-red-white flag is mainly presented as a symbol of collaborationism.<br>\u2022 The 2020 post-election protests are compared to collaboration with the Nazis.<br>\u2022 The Soviet Union and Russia are portrayed as the main protectors of Belarusian statehood, which saved Belarus from \u201cPolandization.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the same time, mass executions of Belarusians during Josef Stalin\u2019s Great Terror are largely omitted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In May 2026, \u0141uka\u0161enka signed an order establishing a state commission to prepare new humanities textbooks. Their content must be aligned with \u201cstate interests,\u201d which in modern Belarus increasingly reflect the official Russian historical narrative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Russification under the guise of choice<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Officially, authorities claim that nearly half of the country\u2019s schools provide instruction in Belarusian. In reality, however, fully Belarusian-language schools are rare, with only about 10 percent of children studying in them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Over recent decades, the number of Belarusians who consider Belarusian their native language has significantly declined.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Even among teachers, attitudes toward the language are often utilitarian. Hanna, an English teacher at a university in Minsk, says bluntly:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cEveryone speaks Russian. If that makes us part of Russia \u2014 I don\u2019t care.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the same time, Belarusian-language schools remain an important space for families seeking to preserve national identity. According to Alina, a teacher at one such school, it is mainly \u201cconscious parents\u201d who choose them, understanding the value of language and culture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cParents understand that these are often small classes and enroll their children with a clear goal of receiving instruction in the native language,\u201d she says, noting that such parents speak Belarusian with their children both in and outside school.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But after 2020, pressure has increased there as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gymnasium No. 23<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Minsk Gymnasium No. 23 was for many years considered a symbol of high-quality Belarusian-language education. It was difficult to enter: parents queued in advance, and many students came from Belarusian-speaking intelligentsia families.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"block-image block-image-normal\">\n\n    <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1206\" height=\"805\" src=\"https:\/\/pozirk.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/gimnasiya-23-POZ.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pozirk.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/gimnasiya-23-POZ.jpg 1206w, https:\/\/pozirk.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/gimnasiya-23-POZ-354x236.jpg 354w, https:\/\/pozirk.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/gimnasiya-23-POZ-734x490.jpg 734w, https:\/\/pozirk.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/gimnasiya-23-POZ-178x118.jpg 178w, https:\/\/pozirk.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/gimnasiya-23-POZ-768x513.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1206px) 100vw, 1206px\" \/>\n    <figcaption>\n        \n                    <div class=\"block-image__author\">\n                                <span>(Pozirk)<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>After the 2020 protests, the situation changed drastically. Staff purges took place, some teachers were dismissed, and teacher Darja Chmialnickaja was later sentenced to five and a half years in prison on charges widely viewed as politically motivated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Then active militarization began:<br>\u2022 Students were required to participate in parades.<br>\u2022 The school hired a military instructor.<br>\u2022 Ideological topics were introduced as optional classes.<br>\u2022 A military-patriotic, customs-oriented class was opened.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now students wear uniforms, undergo initiation ceremonies, and study specialized subjects related to public service and military training.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For many former students, these changes became a symbol of the transformation of the entire Belarusian education system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can the process be reversed?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Inna, a school psychologist based in Homiel, says that militarization and indoctrination do affect children, especially by suppressing critical thinking:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cA child stops asking questions, stops doubting, and stops seeing the world as complex. Everything is divided into \u2018us\u2019 and \u2018them.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to her, particularly dangerous is the moment when teenagers later realize that many of the ideas imposed on them were false. This can lead to a serious identity crisis and a sense of betrayal by adults.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nevertheless, she is confident the process is reversible, especially at a younger age. A child\u2019s psyche remains flexible, while many children do not trust a system that relies on formalism, administrative pressure and superficial compliance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some respondents also note the opposite trend. Alaksandar, who worked as a school teacher until 2023 and is now teaching English online in Poland, says that during visits to Minsk he hears Belarusian spoken by young people more often:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe stronger the imposed pro-Russian and militaristic agenda becomes, the more internal resistance grows.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For this reason, many interlocutors believe the outcome of this policy is not predetermined. However, one thing is clear: the Belarusian school today is less and less about education alone \u2014 and increasingly becoming a tool for shaping political loyalty.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Militarization, the revision of history and Russification are key trends shaping Belarus\u2019 education system. Some observers say these changes could radically alter mentality, while others argue the trend is reversible. Militarization from kindergarten In Belarus, military-patriotic education has long ceased to be an occasional initiative. Today, it has become part of the state education system [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":62,"featured_media":188190,"template":"","rubric":[24],"class_list":["post-188249","longreads","type-longreads","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","rubric-theviewer"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Loyalist factory: a generation with \u201cblack-and-white\u201d thinking being shaped in Belarus | Pozirk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Militarization, the revision of history and Russification are key trends shaping Belarus\u2019 education system. 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